![]() ![]() If a system is at equilibrium, by definition no spontaneous processes occur, and therefore the system is at maximum entropy.Īlso due to Clausius is the simplest formulation of the second law, the heat formulation: (An exception to this rule is a reversible or "isentropic" process, such as frictionless adiabatic compression.) Processes that decrease total entropy of an isolated system do not occur. Thus, the system can either stay the same, or undergo some physical process that increases entropy. In an isolated system, a process can occur only if it increases the total entropy of the system. The formulation of the second law that refers to entropy directly is due to Rudolf Clausius: Thus, the theorems of thermodynamics can be proved using any form of the second law and third law There are many ways of stating the second law of thermodynamics, but all are equivalent in the sense that each form of the second law logically implies every other form Template:Ref harvard. 5.1 Perpetual motion of the second kind.4.1 Special cases: Gibbs and Helmholtz free energies.
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